Planting techniques: timing, hole preparation, mulching

1. Planting Timing

  • Optimal Season:
    • At the start of the rainy season to ensure natural moisture for establishment.
    • Avoid dry, hot months to prevent water stress.
  • Seedling Age:
    • 6-12 months old seedlings are ideal, with well-developed roots and hardened stems.
    • For rooted cuttings, ensure root systems are fibrous and healthy.

2. Hole Preparation

  • Hole Size:
    • Typically 40–60 cm diameter × 40–60 cm depth, depending on seedling size.
  • Spacing:
    • Standard spacing: 3–5 m between trees for optimal growth and resin formation.
    • Adjust spacing for agroforestry integration (shade trees or intercrops).
  • Soil Preparation:
    • Mix excavated soil with compost or organic manure (20–30% by volume) to improve fertility.
    • Ensure well-draining soil; avoid compacted or waterlogged areas.
  • Optional Treatments:
    • Apply biofertilizers or Trichoderma to reduce root diseases.
    • For cuttings, root dip in auxin solution can enhance root development.

3. Planting Procedure

  1. Remove seedlings from nursery carefully, preserving the root ball.
  2. Place seedling in the hole so that root collar is at ground level.
  3. Fill the hole gently, firming soil around roots to remove air pockets.
  4. Water immediately after planting to settle the soil and hydrate roots.

4. Mulching

  • Purpose:
    • Retains soil moisture
    • Reduces weed competition
    • Improves soil structure and fertility over time
    • Protects roots from temperature extremes
  • Materials:
    • Grass cuttings, rice straw, coconut husks, shredded leaves, or organic compost
  • Application:
    • Apply 5–10 cm layer around the base of the seedling, keeping 5–10 cm away from stem to prevent rot
    • Replenish mulch as it decomposes or is displaced

5. Aftercare Tips

  • Watering: Supplement rainfall during dry spells for first 2–3 months.
  • Weeding: Keep area free of competing weeds, especially in early growth stage.
  • Protection: Install temporary guards if needed to protect from animals or trampling.
  • Observation: Monitor for signs of transplant shock: wilting, yellowing leaves, or poor growth.

Key Takeaways

  • Plant at the start of rainy season for natural establishment.
  • Prepare adequately sized, well-draining holes with added compost.
  • Mulch around seedlings to retain moisture, reduce weeds, and enhance soil fertility.
  • Proper planting technique ensures high survival, strong growth, and long-term resin productivity.