2.4 Mechanical Wounding

What Is Mechanical Wounding?

Mechanical wounding means physically damaging the tree on purpose to start resin formation.

It copies what happens in nature when:

  • branches break
  • insects bore holes
  • storms damage the trunk

It is the first step in resin induction.

Purpose of Mechanical Wounding

Mechanical wounding is done to:

  • Open the bark and wood
  • Allow air and microbes to enter
  • Trigger the tree’s wound response

Wounding alone usually gives weak resin unless combined with other methods.

Common Mechanical Wounding Methods

A. Drilling (Most Common)

  • Small holes drilled into the trunk

Basic Farmer Guide:

  • Hole depth: 2–3 cm
  • Hole diameter: 5–8 mm
  • Spacing: 10–15 cm apart
  • Height: 30–150 cm from ground

B. Nailing

  • Iron nails hammered into the trunk
  • Creates rust and irritation over time

Hard to control and may damage tools during harvest.

C. Bark Stripping / Cutting

  • Small bark sections removed

High risk of infection and tree death if overdone.

Good vs Bad Wounding

PracticeResult
Few, well-spaced holesTree survives, resin forms
Too many holesTree weakens
Deep drillingVascular damage
Proper spacingControlled resin zones

What Happens Inside the Tree

  1. Wood is injured
  2. Tree tries to heal (wound response)
  3. Defense signals are released
  4. If stress continues, resin forms

Wound starts the process, but does not finish it.

Farmer Key Message

“Wounding opens the door.
Defense makes the resin.”

Best Practice for Farmers

✔ Always start with healthy trees
✔ Use clean tools
✔ Combine with microbial or mineral induction
✔ Observe the tree after wounding

Common Farmer Mistakes

✘ Over-drilling
✘ Inducing very young trees
✘ Wounding all sides at once
✘ Expecting instant resin