1.4 Wound Response vs Immune Response

Understanding the difference between wound response and immune response is key to knowing why some induction methods work better than others.

Wound Response (Short-Term Reaction)

What It Is

The wound response is the tree’s immediate reaction to physical damage.

Causes:

  • Drilling
  • Nailing
  • Cutting
  • Insect bites

What the Tree Does

  • Seals the wound
  • Produces callus tissue
  • Tries to heal as fast as possible

Result in Agarwood

  • Light discoloration
  • Little or no long-term resin
  • Weak or no fragrance

Farmer Reality

Drilling alone often heals too fast.

Immune Response (Defense Mode)

What It Is

The immune response is the tree’s active defense against infection.

Causes:

  • Fungal invasion
  • Microbial colonization
  • Persistent biological stress

What the Tree Does

  • Activates defense genes
  • Produces secondary metabolites
  • Deposits resin inside the wood

Result in Agarwood

✔ Dark resin zones
✔ Strong fragrance
✔ High-quality agarwood

Farmer Reality

Infection keeps the tree “alert.”

Simple Comparison Table

FeatureWound ResponseImmune Response
TriggerPhysical injuryInfection / microbes
SpeedFastSlow but continuous
PurposeHealingDefense
Resin productionLow or noneHigh
DurationShort-termLong-term
FragranceWeak or noneStrong

⚖️ 4️⃣ Why Resin Needs the Immune Response

  • Resin is expensive for the tree to make
  • The tree only makes it when danger does not go away
  • Microbes keep triggering the immune system

👉 No immune response = no serious resin

Best Induction Strategy

Successful resin induction uses BOTH:

  1. Wound response (to open the door)
  2. Immune response (to keep resin forming)

This is why combined or hybrid induction methods work best.

Farmer Key Message

“Wounds start the reaction.
Infection sustains the resin.”