5.3 Chain-of-Custody Documentation

Purpose: To explain the importance of maintaining chain-of-custody (CoC) records for agarwood and other high-value plant products, ensuring traceability, legal compliance, and sustainability verification.


A. Definition

  • Chain-of-Custody documentation tracks a specimen from origin (plantation or wild source) through harvest, processing, storage, and final sale or export
  • Ensures that all movements are recorded, verifiable, and compliant with CITES regulations

B. Key Elements of CoC Documentation

  1. Origin Details: Plantation or wild-source identification, GPS coordinates, certification
  2. Harvest Records: Date, method, quantity, responsible personnel
  3. Processing Logs: Type of processing, resin extraction, product form
  4. Storage Records: Location, inventory, handling conditions
  5. Sales and Shipment Records: Buyer information, permits, invoices, packing lists
  6. Permit and Certificate Linkage: CITES export, import, or re-export documents attached to each shipment

C. Importance for CITES Compliance

  • Demonstrates legal origin of all specimens
  • Supports NDF assessments and traceability requirements
  • Reduces risk of illegal trade or mislabeling
  • Provides evidence during audits, inspections, or legal proceedings

D. Practical Recommendations

  • Implement digital tracking systems for inventory and movement logs
  • Ensure consistency between CoC, permits, invoices, and packing lists
  • Train staff on accurate record-keeping and verification processes
  • Conduct periodic audits to verify integrity of CoC data

Learning Outputs

  • Understanding of the purpose and components of chain-of-custody documentation
  • Ability to implement CoC systems for agarwood plantations and trade operations
  • Awareness of CoC’s role in ensuring CITES compliance, sustainability, and market credibility