5.5 Common Errors and Red Flags

Purpose: To identify frequent mistakes and warning signs in agarwood and other CITES-listed plant trade that can lead to non-compliance, delays, or legal action.


A. Common Errors

  1. Documentation Errors:
    • Incorrect species name, part, or derivative
    • Missing or expired permits and certificates
    • Mismatched source codes (W vs. A)
    • Inconsistent commercial invoices, packing lists, and CoC records
  2. Quota Violations:
    • Exceeding allowed export volumes
    • Ignoring country-specific or annual quotas
  3. Non-Detriment Findings Issues:
    • NDFs not obtained or outdated
    • Lack of supporting data for plantation yields or wild harvest impact
  4. Traceability Gaps:
    • Poor chain-of-custody documentation
    • Unverified plantation records or missing harvest logs

B. Red Flags for Enforcement Authorities

  • Shipments from unverified sources or unknown suppliers
  • High-value or unusually large consignments without corresponding documentation
  • Inconsistent information across permits, invoices, and packing lists
  • Repeated shipment discrepancies or errors from the same exporter
  • Mislabeling of species, product form, or quantity

Professional Insight: Red flags are triggers for closer scrutiny, inspection, or seizure by authorities.


C. Practical Recommendations

  • Implement internal audit checks before shipment
  • Maintain accurate, consistent, and verifiable documentation
  • Train staff on common mistakes and compliance requirements
  • Use digital tracking systems to monitor CoC, permits, and product movement
  • Engage early with Management and Scientific Authorities for guidance

Learning Outputs

  • Awareness of frequent errors that compromise legal trade
  • Ability to identify red flags that may trigger inspections or seizures
  • Knowledge of proactive measures to minimize compliance risks
  • Skills to implement internal controls and staff training for error reduction