6.1 Farm-to-Market Traceability Models

Purpose: To provide an overview of traceability systems from cultivation to final market for agarwood and other high-value plant products, ensuring legal compliance, sustainability, and supply chain transparency.


A. Definition and Importance

  • Farm-to-market traceability tracks products from origin through processing, storage, transport, and sale.
  • Ensures compliance with CITES, NDF requirements, and ESG standards.
  • Supports quality control, fraud prevention, and investor confidence.

B. Key Components

  1. Farm-Level Records:
    • Plantation identification, GPS coordinates
    • Tree inventory, harvest dates, resin induction methods
    • Responsible personnel and documentation
  2. Processing and Storage Logs:
    • Resin extraction, processing steps, and product form
    • Storage conditions, inventory control, and packaging
  3. Transport and Logistics Tracking:
    • Shipment records, permits, and certificates
    • Real-time tracking for high-value consignments
  4. Market and End-User Records:
    • Buyer details, invoices, and contracts
    • Product form and quantity
  5. Integration with CITES Documentation:
    • Linking CoC, NDF, permits, and source codes to each shipment
    • Maintaining audit trails for regulatory and investor review

C. Model Types

  1. Manual Systems:
    • Paper-based logs for farms and warehouses
    • Suitable for small-scale operations
  2. Digital Systems:
    • Cloud-based databases and mobile apps
    • Real-time monitoring, QR code tracking, and automatic reporting
  3. Blockchain-Enabled Traceability:
    • Immutable, tamper-proof records
    • Enables global verification and buyer transparency

D. Practical Implementation

  • Start with farm-level identification and inventory
  • Link harvest and processing data to shipment records
  • Integrate with permits, CoC documentation, and source codes
  • Train staff and stakeholders on data entry and verification
  • Periodically audit the system to ensure integrity and compliance

Learning Outputs

  • Understanding of farm-to-market traceability and its importance for legal and sustainable trade
  • Ability to implement appropriate traceability models (manual, digital, blockchain)
  • Knowledge of integrating traceability with CITES documentation and compliance systems
  • Skills to maintain transparency, quality control, and market credibility