2.2 Natural Microbial Invasion

What Is Natural Microbial Invasion?

Natural microbial invasion happens when:

  • Fungi or bacteria enter the tree naturally
  • Through wounds caused by:
    • insects
    • broken branches
    • wind cracks
    • lightning scars

These microbes are not planted by humans — they are already in the forest.

Why Microbes Are So Important for Agarwood

Microbes do something wounds alone cannot:

They keep the tree’s immune system turned ON.

Without microbes:

  • The tree heals quickly
  • Resin production stops

With microbes:

  • The tree stays in defense mode
  • Resin continues to form and spread

What Types of Microbes Enter Naturally?

Common Natural Invaders

  • Fungi (most important)
  • Some bacteria
  • Endophytes (microbes already living inside the tree)

These microbes:

  • Feed on damaged wood
  • Release enzymes
  • Trigger chemical alarms inside the tree

What Happens Inside the Tree (Simple Flow)

  1. Wound opens
  2. Microbes enter
  3. Tree senses infection
  4. Immune response activates
  5. Resin is produced
  6. Resin tries to block and kill microbes

This battle creates agarwood.

Why Resin Smells Good

The smell comes from:

  • Defense chemicals made by the tree
  • Changed and intensified by microbial activity

Fragrance is a by-product of survival.

Why Natural Agarwood Takes So Long

  • Microbial invasion is slow
  • Tree balances survival and growth
  • Resin polymerizes over many years

This is why wild agarwood can take:
20–50 years to fully develop.

Farmer Key Message

“Agarwood is born from a long fight between tree and microbe.”

Lesson for Artificial Induction

Successful induction copies nature by:
✔ Creating a controlled wound
✔ Introducing safe microbes
✔ Allowing time for defense to work